Will Veld fires cause vinyl fencing to burn? Full Details

By Value Fencing PVC Franchise Group SA, 15 January 2020

Introduction

Wildfires (or veld fires as we call them) are a serious concern for many homeowners. A common question we get is: will a grass fire cause my vinyl (uPVC) fence to catch fire?

The reassuring answer is that Value Fencing's uPVC fencing is highly fire-retardant and self-extinguishing by design. In practice, our vinyl fences do not readily ignite under normal wildfire conditions, and they tend to resist burning even when exposed to flying embers.

While the intense heat of a veld fire can warp or melt a vinyl fence, the material will not sustain open flames on its own. Any heat-damaged sections are usually localized and easily replaceable.

In this blog, we delve into the full details and science of why uPVC (vinyl) fencing performs safely in fire conditions, comparing it to other materials and highlighting the safety benefits of Value Fencing's products.

Fire-Retardant and Self-Extinguishing Properties of uPVC Fencing

Unplasticized PVC (uPVC), the material used in our vinyl fencing, is inherently fire retardant. This is largely due to its chemical makeup - PVC contains a high proportion (≈56-57%) of the element chlorine (https://www.vinyl.org.au/pvc-fire#:~:text=uPVC%20is%20inherently%20fire%20retardant%3A,external%20heat%20source%20is%20removed%E2%80%99" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">vinyl.org.au.) Chlorine acts as a natural flame inhibitor, greatly reducing PVC's combustibility compared to wood or ordinary plastics.

Unlike timber, which readily burns, uPVC does not support combustion on its own and will actually self-extinguish if the external flame source is removed (https://www.vinyl.org.au/pvc-fire#:~:text=building%20elements%2C%20uPVC%20building%20elements,external%20heat%20source%20is%20removed%E2%80%99" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">vinyl.org.au.) In other words, if you hold a flame to a vinyl fence it might char or deform, but as soon as the flame is taken away the vinyl will stop burning instead of spreading the fire.

Several key fire-safety characteristics set uPVC apart from more flammable materials:

• High Ignition Temperature: It takes a much higher temperature to ignite uPVC than to ignite wood. Rigid PVC typically requires about 391 °C to catch fire, versus roughly 260 °C for dry wood (https://www.vinyl.org.au/pvc-fire#:~:text=uPVC%20is%20slow%20to%20ignite%3A,ignition%20resistance%E2%80%99%20of%20PVC%20materials" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">vinyl.org.au.) This means stray sparks or embers from a veld fire are far less likely to ignite a vinyl fence than a wooden one.
• Self-Extinguishing Behavior: If exposed to flame, uPVC will char and may eventually ignite, but it won't sustain the flame once the heat source is removed (https://www.vinyl.org.au/pvc-fire#:~:text=building%20elements%2C%20uPVC%20building%20elements,external%20heat%20source%20is%20removed%E2%80%99" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">vinyl.org.au.) The material's chemistry causes burning to cease on its own, so it doesn't act as continuous fuel. This "self-extinguishing" classification is a major safety advantage.
• Low Heat Release: PVC gives off less heat energy when it burns compared to most other plastics and wood. Its heat of combustion is around 20 kJ/kg - significantly lower than that of wood or polyethylene (https://livingdesigndoubleglazing.com.au/wp-content/uploads/assets/fire-properties-of-upvc_may-2008.pdf#:~:text=Heat%20Release%20Burning%20materials%20release,flame%20and%20resistance%20to%20sustained" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">livingdesigndoubleglazing.com.auhttps://livingdesigndoubleglazing.com.au/wp-content/uploads/assets/fire-properties-of-upvc_may-2008.pdf#:~:text=Property%20Test%20Method%20uPVC%20Flexible,seconds%20at%2030%20KW%20m2" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">livingdesigndoubleglazing.com.au.) Less heat release means any fire involving PVC tends to be less intense and slower to spread than a fire fueled by wood.
• Charring and Insulation: When forced to burn, uPVC tends to form a protective charcoal layer (intumescent char) on its surface (https://livingdesigndoubleglazing.com.au/wp-content/uploads/assets/fire-properties-of-upvc_may-2008.pdf#:~:text=PVC%20has%20limited%20spread%20of,acts%20as%20a%20combustion%20inhibitor" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">livingdesigndoubleglazing.com.au.) This char insulates the underlying material and blocks oxygen, which helps to slow further burning. In addition, the vinyl releases hydrogen chloride gas when it decomposes, and this gas acts as a combustion inhibitor in the flames (https://livingdesigndoubleglazing.com.au/wp-content/uploads/assets/fire-properties-of-upvc_may-2008.pdf#:~:text=PVC%20has%20limited%20spread%20of,acts%20as%20a%20combustion%20inhibitor" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">livingdesigndoubleglazing.com.au,) further retarding the fire.
• No Flaming Droplets: Unlike some plastics, burning PVC typically does not drip flaming droplets or debris (https://www.vinyl.org.au/pvc-fire#:~:text=uPVC%20has%20a%20limited%20flame,230" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">vinyl.org.au.) It softens and chars in place. This is important because dripping plastic can spread fire to new areas; uPVC avoids that hazard by self-extinguishing without significant flaming drips.

In building fire safety tests, these properties give PVC top-tier ratings among combustibles. Rigid PVC building products frequently achieve a Class 1 flame spread rating (the best for a combustible material) in standards like ASTM E84 (https://livingdesigndoubleglazing.com.au/wp-content/uploads/assets/fire-properties-of-upvc_may-2008.pdf#:~:text=USA%20ASTM%20E84%20Class%201,According%20to%20BS476" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">livingdesigndoubleglazing.com.au.) They also meet stringent self-extinguishing criteria (often rated UL-94 V-0). In fact, international building codes recognize uPVC's fire performance - for example, uPVC window frames and cladding pass fire reaction tests by self-extinguishing and limiting flame spread (https://www.vinyl.org.au/pvc-fire#:~:text=uPVC%20is%20inherently%20fire%20retardant%3A,external%20heat%20source%20is%20removed%E2%80%99" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">vinyl.org.auhttps://www.vinyl.org.au/pvc-fire#:~:text=uPVC%20has%20a%20limited%20flame,230" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">vinyl.org.au.) All Value Fencing PVC components are manufactured to meet these safety mandates, ensuring our fencing delivers not just aesthetic and durability benefits, but peace of mind in fire safety as well.

Why uPVC Resists Fire: The Science (Oxygen Index and More)

One scientific measure highlights how hard it is to burn vinyl: the Limiting Oxygen Index (LOI). LOI is the minimum concentration of oxygen needed in the air to sustain combustion of a material (https://www.vinylinfo.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/Fire-Properties-of-Polyvinyl-Chloride_0.pdf#:~:text=The%20oxygen%20index%20test%20,above" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">vinylinfo.org.) Air normally has about 21% oxygen. Materials with an LOI above 21% tend to self-extinguish in normal air, because there isn't enough oxygen to keep them burning. Materials with LOI below 21% will burn easily. uPVC has an oxygen index around 45-50% (https://livingdesigndoubleglazing.com.au/wp-content/uploads/assets/fire-properties-of-upvc_may-2008.pdf#:~:text=PVC%20Wood%20Flash%20Ignition%20Temperature,75" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">livingdesigndoubleglazing.com.au) - more than double the oxygen available in the atmosphere - which is why it barely supports combustion. In contrast, most common fencing materials have much lower LOI values (hence burn readily in air):

Limiting Oxygen Index of various materials. Materials with LOI above ~21% (green bars) will not sustain flame in normal air, whereas those below 21% (red bars) are flammable (https://livingdesigndoubleglazing.com.au/wp-content/uploads/assets/fire-properties-of-upvc_may-2008.pdf#:~:text=PVC%20Wood%20Flash%20Ignition%20Temperature,75" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">livingdesigndoubleglazing.com.auhttps://www.vinylinfo.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/Fire-Properties-of-Polyvinyl-Chloride_0.pdf#:~:text=Nylon%206%2C6%2025,7%20NV" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">vinylinfo.org.) Rigid PVC's LOI is ~45-50%, far higher than wood (~19-21%) or typical plastics like polyethylene (~17%).

As shown above, wood (cellulose) has an LOI near 19% (https://www.vinylinfo.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/Fire-Properties-of-Polyvinyl-Chloride_0.pdf#:~:text=Nylon%206%2C6%2025,7%20NV" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">vinylinfo.org) - meaning a wood fence will burn easily in open air. Polyethylene and Polystyrene (common plastics) are even lower (~17-18% LOI) (https://www.vinylinfo.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/Fire-Properties-of-Polyvinyl-Chloride_0.pdf#:~:text=Rayon%2018,0%20NV" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">vinylinfo.org), making them quite flammable. Rigid PVC, however, has an LOI around 47% (https://www.vinylinfo.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/Fire-Properties-of-Polyvinyl-Chloride_0.pdf#:~:text=PVC%20PL%204%2049,5%20NV" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">vinylinfo.orghttps://www.vinylinfo.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/Fire-Properties-of-Polyvinyl-Chloride_0.pdf#:~:text=Nylon%206%2C6%2025,7%20NV" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">vinylinfo.org.) This extremely high LOI explains why a vinyl fence panel won't continue burning on its own unless it's in an oxygen-enriched environment (far beyond normal atmospheric conditions). In practical terms, if a grass fire flame touches a uPVC fence, the fence might catch fire briefly at the point of contact, but once the flame moves on, the plastic will self-extinguish instead of spreading the fire.

Beyond LOI, uPVC excels in other fire resistance metrics as well. We already noted its ignition temperature is nearly 130°C higher than that of pine wood (https://www.vinyl.org.au/pvc-fire#:~:text=uPVC%20is%20slow%20to%20ignite%3A,ignition%20resistance%E2%80%99%20of%20PVC%20materials" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">vinyl.org.au.) Rigid PVC also has a very low Flame Spread Index in standard tests - typically in the range of 15-20, whereas a material like plywood can have an FSI of 200 or more (https://www.vinyl.org.au/pvc-fire#:~:text=uPVC%20has%20a%20limited%20flame,230" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">vinyl.org.au.) This means flames on PVC do not travel far across its surface. Indeed, in one comparison, a Douglas-fir plywood had an FSI of 190-230, while uPVC measured only 15-20 (https://www.vinyl.org.au/pvc-fire#:~:text=uPVC%20has%20a%20limited%20flame,230" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">vinyl.org.au.) The vinyl simply chars in place instead of rapidly propagating flames. Furthermore, the peak heat release rate of burning PVC is much lower than that of equivalently sized wood or composite materials 9https://www.vinyl.org.au/pvc-fire#:~:text=measurement%20of%20peak%20heat%20release,Heat%20Evolved%20Index%20of%200" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">vinyl.org.au,) indicating it contributes less energy to a blaze. In full-scale room fire tests, PVC building products have shown substantially lower total heat release and have never caused flashover, outperforming materials like wood, polycarbonate, and even some flame-retardant plastics (https://www.vinyl.org.au/pvc-fire#:~:text=and%20timber,Heat%20Evolved%20Index%20of%200" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">vinyl.org.au.)

Finally, an interesting safety aspect of PVC is the pungent odor of its smoke. When PVC does burn, it releases hydrogen chloride (HCl) gas (the source of hydrochloric acid). HCl has a sharp, acrid odor detectable at extremely low concentrations - on the order of 1 part per million (https://www.fireengineering.com/technical-rescue/chemical-data-notebook-series-21-hydrogen-chloride/#:~:text=to%20its%20sharp%2C%20pungent%20odor,million%20parts%20of%20air%E2%80%94relatively%20simple" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">fireengineering.com). This strong smell serves as an early warning sign of burning PVC, often alerting people to a developing fire long before smoke from other materials (like odorless carbon monoxide) would be noticed (https://valuefencing.co.za/news-blog/view/9/will-veld-fires-cause-vinyl-fencing-to-burn-full-details#:~:text=gas%20resulting%20from%20thermal%20cracking,lead%20to%20paralysis%20and%20death" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">valuefencing.co.zahttps://www.fireengineering.com/technical-rescue/chemical-data-notebook-series-21-hydrogen-chloride/#:~:text=to%20its%20sharp%2C%20pungent%20odor,million%20parts%20of%20air%E2%80%94relatively%20simple" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">fireengineering.com). In effect, PVC's chemistry provides a built-in smoke alarm odor, which can help with early detection of fire. (Of course, any burning material produces hazards, and PVC's smoke is irritant - but it's worth noting that in terms of acute toxicity, the smoke from PVC is no more dangerous than smoke from natural materials (https://livingdesigndoubleglazing.com.au/wp-content/uploads/assets/fire-properties-of-upvc_may-2008.pdf#:~:text=Combustion%20gases%20Although%20Hydrogen%20Chloride,materials%20of%20similar%20toxic%20potency" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">livingdesigndoubleglazing.com.au). In fact, HCl's irritant nature will make you cough and escape before inhaling a lethal dose, whereas carbon monoxide from wood could overcome you with little warning.) The bottom line is that uPVC's fire behavior - high ignition threshold, self-extinguishing action, low flame spread, and even a stinging smoke odor for early warning - all contribute to making vinyl fencing a fire-safe choice.

Veld Fire Scenarios: How Vinyl Fencing Performs in Grass Fires

Grassfires (veld fires) move quickly and can engulf fences and yards in flames. If you have a wooden fence, it can actually become a path that carries fire straight to your home - essentially acting like a fuse (https://ocfa.org/Uploads/SafetyPrograms/OCFA%20RSG%20-%20Fences.pdf#:~:text=A%20wooden%20fence%2C%20or%20landscape,melt%2C%20potentially%20spreading%20the%20fire" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">ocfa.org.) With vinyl fencing, the situation is much safer. uPVC fencing does not easily ignite from grassfires, especially from wind-blown embers alone. Research by fire safety institutes has shown that vinyl fences are not very vulnerable to ignition by embers in a wildfire (https://firesafemarin.org/harden-your-home/fire-resistant-fencing/#:~:text=5,deform%C2%A0if%20subjected%20to%20radiant%20heat" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">firesafemarin.org.) In many cases, embers will land on a vinyl fence and cause little more than superficial scorch marks. This is a stark contrast to wood fencing, where a single ember lodged in a crack can start the fence smoldering and eventually ablaze.

That said, extreme heat and direct flames from a wildfire can still affect a vinyl fence. If dry grass or debris is piled at the base of any fence (wood or vinyl) and catches fire, the sustained flames against the fence could cause the vinyl to soften, deform, and even ignite in spots (https://firesafemarin.org/harden-your-home/fire-resistant-fencing/#:~:text=5,deform%C2%A0if%20subjected%20to%20radiant%20heat" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">firesafemarin.org.) The crucial difference is that a vinyl fence will not contribute fuel to keep the fire going. It might melt or sag from the heat, but sections of it won't continue to burn on their own once the grassfire passes. In firefighting terms, the vinyl is "self-extinguishing" - it won't act as a new ignition source once the flames from the grass or shrubbery die down (https://www.vinyl.org.au/pvc-fire#:~:text=uPVC%20is%20inherently%20fire%20retardant%3A,external%20heat%20source%20is%20removed%E2%80%99" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">vinyl.org.au). The fence may end up charred or partially melted, but it won't be a raging column of flame like a wooden fence would under the same conditions.

Wooden fences can act like a fuse in a wildfire. In this image, a grass fire in Texas spread into a neighborhood by igniting backyard wood fences, which then carried flames directly to homes (https://wildfiretoday.com/2022/08/17/researchers-evaluate-how-fences-and-mulch-can-spread-fires-and-ignite-structures/#:~:text=connected%20all%20of%20the%20properties,and%20sides%20of%20the%20homes" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">wildfiretoday.comhttps://wildfiretoday.com/2022/08/17/researchers-evaluate-how-fences-and-mulch-can-spread-fires-and-ignite-structures/#:~:text=,fences%20or%20other%20combustible%20sources" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">wildfiretoday.com). Vinyl fencing, by contrast, does not easily ignite and will self-extinguish, greatly reducing this kind of fire spread.

Real-world wildfire aftermaths have demonstrated vinyl fencing's fire resilience. For example, in a severe 2020 bushfire in Oregon, a homeowner's vinyl picket fence was left warped and partially melted by the intense heat, but notably it did not burn to ash like surrounding structures. The fence's rails bent and sagged but never became a source of spreading flames. In fact, a plastic lawn ornament (a deer statue) in front of the fence survived untouched - a testament to how the vinyl fence did not sustain combustion for long (https://ucanr.edu/sites/fire/Preparedness/Building/Fencing/#:~:text=a%20fire%20to%20reach%20exterior,likely%20melt%20during%20fire%20conditions" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">ucanr.edu.) Fire authorities have observed that vinyl fencing will typically melt or deform in a wildfire, rather than actively burning and throwing off embers (https://firesafemarin.org/harden-your-home/fire-resistant-fencing/#:~:text=5,deform%C2%A0if%20subjected%20to%20radiant%20heat" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">firesafemarin.orghttps://ocfa.org/Uploads/SafetyPrograms/OCFA%20RSG%20-%20Fences.pdf#:~:text=or%20other%20flammable%20material%20has,melt%2C%20potentially%20spreading%20the%20fire" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">ocfa.org.) The damaged sections can then be repaired or replaced after the fire. Our Value Fencing systems are modular, meaning individual fence panels or components can be swapped out without needing to rebuild the entire fence - a useful feature if a localized area is heat-damaged. By contrast, with a wood fence, once it ignites you often lose the entire fence line to the flames, and it could help the fire spread further.

A vinyl fence after a wildfire in 2020: the fence was warped and sagged from extreme heat but did not burst into flames or spread the fire. Such heat-damaged vinyl sections can be easily replaced. In wildfires, vinyl will typically melt or char in place rather than serve as fuel (https://ucanr.edu/sites/fire/Preparedness/Building/Fencing/#:~:text=a%20fire%20to%20reach%20exterior,likely%20melt%20during%20fire%20conditions" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">ucanr.edu.)

Another advantage is that vinyl fencing produces no flying embers. Burning wooden fences can spit out embers or burning fragments that ride the wind to ignite other areas. Vinyl, when it does burn, tends to just char and stay in one piece (https://www.vinyl.org.au/pvc-fire#:~:text=uPVC%20has%20a%20limited%20flame,230" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">vinyl.org.au). It doesn't break into flaming chunks. Fire safety experts, including the U.S. National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), have noted that fire spread is far less likely with vinyl or noncombustible fences than with wood fences in wildland-urban interface fire scenarios (https://wildfiretoday.com/2022/08/17/researchers-evaluate-how-fences-and-mulch-can-spread-fires-and-ignite-structures/#:~:text=,fences%20or%20other%20combustible%20sources" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">wildfiretoday.com). All these factors mean that if you live in a wildfire-prone area, upgrading from a wooden fence to a PVC/vinyl fence can significantly improve your home's defensible space. Of course, we always recommend maintaining a clear zone of vegetation around any fence - keep grass trimmed low and remove dry leaves or debris at the fence base - this prevents any sustained flames right against the fence (https://ucanr.edu/sites/fire/Preparedness/Building/Fencing/#:~:text=direct%20flame%20contact%20or%20from,likely%20melt%20during%20fire%20conditions" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">ucanr.eduhttps://ucanr.edu/sites/fire/Preparedness/Building/Fencing/#:~:text=Wooden%20fence,the%20fence%20could%20prevent%20ignition" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">ucanr.edu). But even if confronted with flames, your Value Fencing vinyl fence will not add fuel to the fire. It may suffer some cosmetic damage, but it will help keep the fire from spreading further.

PVC's Contribution to Fire Safety in Construction

It's no coincidence that uPVC is widely used in building products where fire performance matters - from vinyl siding on house exteriors, to window frames, cable insulation, and even fire-stop collars in plumbing. The same properties that make our fences fire-safe make PVC a preferred material in many fire-critical applications. For example, PVC electrical conduits and plumbing pipes in walls can actually block fire spread: if a fire tries to travel through a pipe penetration, the PVC will char and seal off the opening, acting as a rudimentary firestop. Rigid vinyl siding and cladding on a building will resist ignition and slow down flame spread on exterior walls, giving firefighters precious extra minutes to respond. In laboratory fire tests, PVC wall linings have shown no flame spread beyond the immediate flame exposure area (achieving a 0 Flame Spread Index in certain standards) (https://www.vinyl.org.au/pvc-fire#:~:text=profile%20has%20a%20low%20flame,230" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">vinyl.org.au). And because PVC doesn't easily ignite, using vinyl window frames or eaves can prevent the scenario where parts of a house catch fire from mere exposure to heat or embers - those vinyl components will tend to self-extinguish and not contribute to a full blaze.

From a regulatory standpoint, uPVC often meets or exceeds fire safety requirements. Building codes in many countries classify PVC as a "self-extinguishing, flame-retardant" material, meaning it can be used in locations that wood (a combustible material) might not be allowed without additional protection. For instance, in the UK, uPVC window frames are accepted even in high-rise buildings partly due to their fire performance; in Germany, PVC construction products are rated B1 (hardly flammable) under DIN 4102, and in the US they can be Class 1 in surface flame spread (https://livingdesigndoubleglazing.com.au/wp-content/uploads/assets/fire-properties-of-upvc_may-2008.pdf#:~:text=USA%20ASTM%20E84%20Class%201,According%20to%20BS476" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">livingdesigndoubleglazing.com.au). All of these certifications stem from PVC's innate inability to keep burning on its own. It's also worth noting that only 10-15% of the plastic in a typical home's contents is in construction materials like PVC - the rest (up to 90%) is things like furniture, fabrics, and electronics brought in by occupantshttps://www.vinyl.org.au/pvc-fire#:~:text=uPVC%20smoke%20density%20and%20toxicity,technology%20appliances%2C%20toys%20and%20packaging" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">vinyl.org.au. So using non-burning PVC for your fence, deck, or siding is a smart way to reduce the overall fuel load in and around your home.

In summary, Value Fencing's uPVC fences provide an extra layer of safety in fire-prone environments. They're engineered not just for durability and zero maintenance, but also to withstand fire exposure far better than traditional wood fencing. The high chlorine content of vinyl makes it naturally flame-retardant - it won't ignite easily, it self-extinguishes, and it won't act as a wick leading fire to your property (https://wildfiretoday.com/2022/08/17/researchers-evaluate-how-fences-and-mulch-can-spread-fires-and-ignite-structures/#:~:text=,fences%20or%20other%20combustible%20sources" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">wildfiretoday.com). While no fencing material is "fire-proof" (even metal can fail in extreme heat), our vinyl fencing significantly minimizes fire risks. It's one more reason to choose uPVC over wood: in the event of a veld fire, you'll have a fence that holds the line rather than fueling the flames. And if by chance a section of your fence does get damaged by heat, you can simply pop in a new panel rather than replacing the whole fence - getting your property back to normal quickly. When it comes to fire safety, Value Fencing's vinyl products give you crucial advantages through solid science and smart design, keeping your home and family safer during wildfire season.

References and Further Reading

• Vinyl Council of Australia - Guidance on fire characteristics and performance of PVC-U building materials - https://www.vinyl.org.au/pvc-fire#:~:text=uPVC%20is%20inherently%20fire%20retardant%3A,external%20heat%20source%20is%20removed%E2%80%99" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">vinyl.org.auhttps://www.vinyl.org.au/pvc-fire#:~:text=uPVC%20has%20a%20limited%20flame,230" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">vinyl.org.au
• The Vinyl Institute - Fire Properties of Polyvinyl Chloride (technical report) - https://www.vinylinfo.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/Fire-Properties-of-Polyvinyl-Chloride_0.pdf#:~:text=PTFE%2095,5%20NV" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">vinylinfo.orghttps://www.vinylinfo.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/Fire-Properties-of-Polyvinyl-Chloride_0.pdf#:~:text=Nylon%206%2C6%2025,7%20NV" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">vinylinfo.org
• Living Design - Fire Properties of uPVC (analysis of ignition, flame spread and heat release) - https://livingdesigndoubleglazing.com.au/wp-content/uploads/assets/fire-properties-of-upvc_may-2008.pdf#:~:text=Property%20Test%20Method%20uPVC%20Flexible,seconds%20at%2030%20KW%20m2" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">livingdesigndoubleglazing.com.auhttps://livingdesigndoubleglazing.com.au/wp-content/uploads/assets/fire-properties-of-upvc_may-2008.pdf#:~:text=PVC%20Wood%20Flash%20Ignition%20Temperature,75" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">livingdesigndoubleglazing.com.au
• Orange County Fire Authority - Wildfire Home Protection Tips (Fencing) - https://ocfa.org/Uploads/SafetyPrograms/OCFA%20RSG%20-%20Fences.pdf#:~:text=A%20wooden%20fence%2C%20or%20landscape,melt%2C%20potentially%20spreading%20the%20fire" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">ocfa.orghttps://ocfa.org/Uploads/SafetyPrograms/OCFA%20RSG%20-%20Fences.pdf#:~:text=or%20other%20flammable%20material%20has,iron" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">ocfa.org
• NIST & IBHS Research on Fences in Wildfires - Combustible fences and wildfire spread - https://wildfiretoday.com/2022/08/17/researchers-evaluate-how-fences-and-mulch-can-spread-fires-and-ignite-structures/#:~:text=,fences%20or%20other%20combustible%20sources" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">wildfiretoday.comhttps://firesafemarin.org/harden-your-home/fire-resistant-fencing/#:~:text=5,deform%C2%A0if%20subjected%20to%20radiant%20heat" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">firesafemarin.org
• Fire Engineering - Chemical Data Notebook: Hydrogen Chloride (on detection by odor) - https://www.fireengineering.com/technical-rescue/chemical-data-notebook-series-21-hydrogen-chloride/#:~:text=to%20its%20sharp%2C%20pungent%20odor,million%20parts%20of%20air%E2%80%94relatively%20simple" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">fireengineering.com